Income sources of households in the Transitional Javanese System are much more diversified than other systems. Although rubber is an important source of cash income for the moderate and lower strata, and is mainly earned through share tapping, it contributes just 20% to total income for both types of households. This is primarily due to the absence of mature rubber trees, and is likely to change once the young rubber trees recently planted come into production. Several moderate and upper stratum households have income from clone rubber nurseries. For all strata of Javanese households, cattle are an integral part of the farming system, and most also keep chickens and maybe a few ducks. Surplus production of maize and other vegetables is sold on the local market as are legumes such as soybean, groundnuts and mungbean.
The average income of the upper stratum, who constitute just 5% of all households in this system, is around Rp5 million per year. Moderate households, who represent 25%, earn around Rp1 million per year while poorer households (70% of all households) earn about Rp500,000. In terms of assets, the upper stratum have access to electricity and own a television and motorbike, while only a few households in the lower stratum would own even a radio or bicycle. Of those with loans, the majority have been from moderate and poorer households.
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